How do NSAIDs alleviate pain?

The correct understanding of how nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) alleviate pain lies in their ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. These enzymes are crucial in the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins, which are substances that play a key role in the processes of inflammation, pain, and fever. By inhibiting COX enzymes, NSAIDs reduce the production of prostaglandins, consequently leading to decreased inflammation and pain sensations.

When COX activity is reduced, the resultant decrease in prostaglandin levels helps to alleviate the pain that is often associated with inflammation. This mechanism is foundational for the analgesic (pain-relieving) and anti-inflammatory properties of NSAIDs, making them effective in treating conditions like arthritis, muscle pain, and headaches.

The other options do not accurately reflect the mechanism of action of NSAIDs. Increasing prostaglandin synthesis would likely lead to more pain and inflammation, rather than alleviating it. Promoting inflammation is counterproductive to pain relief, as inflammation itself can be a source of pain. Enhancing nerve sensitivity would increase the perception of pain, which is contrary to the goal of pain management. Thus, the role of COX enzyme inhibition is central