What does the term "therapeutic index" refer to in pharmacology?

The term "therapeutic index" refers to the ratio of the toxic dose to the therapeutic dose of a drug. This concept is critical in pharmacology as it provides a measure of the safety of a drug. A higher therapeutic index indicates a wider margin between effective and toxic dosages, suggesting that the drug can be used safely with less risk of adverse effects. Conversely, a lower therapeutic index signifies that there is a smaller difference between the effective and toxic doses, necessitating careful monitoring of drug levels in patients to avoid toxicity.

Understanding the therapeutic index helps clinicians make informed decisions about dosing and patient management, ensuring that they can maximize therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks.