What is a significant risk associated with the use of phenytoin in epilepsy treatment?

Gingival hyperplasia is a notable risk associated with the use of phenytoin, an anticonvulsant medication commonly prescribed for managing epilepsy. This condition manifests as an overgrowth of gum tissue, which can occur in some patients taking phenytoin due to the drug's effects on gum fibroblasts and inflammatory mediators. The risk of developing gingival hyperplasia is a well-documented side effect and can lead to complications such as difficulties in maintaining oral hygiene and an increased risk of periodontal disease.

In contrast to this, other options pose less direct risk in relation to phenytoin. Weight loss is not typically associated with phenytoin usage; in fact, some patients may experience weight gain. Bone marrow suppression, while a concern with various medications, is not a common side effect of phenytoin. Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels in the blood, is also not linked to phenytoin, as this medication does not generally cause significant electrolyte imbalances. Thus, the association with gingival hyperplasia is particularly significant and well-recognized in the context of phenytoin treatment for epilepsy.