What is the mechanism of action of metformin?

The mechanism of action of metformin primarily involves decreasing hepatic glucose production. Metformin works mainly by reducing the amount of glucose produced by the liver, which is a crucial factor in the management of type 2 diabetes. By doing so, metformin lowers blood glucose levels and helps improve insulin sensitivity, allowing for better glucose uptake by the cells of the body.

Moreover, metformin also enhances the utilization of glucose by peripheral tissues, particularly muscle, and may increase the sensitivity of insulin receptors, which improves overall glucose metabolism. This multifaceted approach contributes to the drug’s efficacy in controlling blood sugar levels in individuals with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

While the other options relate to various aspects of glucose regulation or management, they do not accurately reflect the primary action of metformin in the context of diabetes treatment. Increasing insulin secretion is primarily associated with other medications like sulfonylureas, inhibiting carbohydrate absorption typically pertains to alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and stimulating glucagon release is related to different types of medications, not metformin.