What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?

ACE inhibitors primarily function by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme, which plays a critical role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). By blocking this enzyme, ACE inhibitors prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. As a result, this leads to reduced levels of angiotensin II in the bloodstream, which not only decreases vasoconstriction but also reduces the secretion of aldosterone, a hormone that promotes sodium and water retention. This dual action culminates in lowering blood pressure and helping to manage conditions such as hypertension and heart failure.

Understanding this mechanism highlights why ACE inhibitors are effective in treating cardiovascular disorders, as they alleviate strain on the heart and improve overall blood flow by facilitating vasodilation through decreased angiotensin II levels.