What is the primary risk associated with long-term use of corticosteroids?

Long-term use of corticosteroids is primarily associated with osteoporosis because these medications can affect bone health significantly. Corticosteroids work by reducing inflammation and suppressing the immune system, but they also interfere with bone remodeling. They reduce the absorption of calcium in the intestines and increase its excretion in the urine, leading to decreased bone density over time. This makes bones more fragile and increases the risk of fractures.

Patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy must be monitored for signs of osteoporosis and may be prescribed vitamin D and calcium supplements or other medications like bisphosphonates to help mitigate this risk. Understanding this primary risk is crucial for healthcare providers to implement preventive measures and manage patient care effectively.