What mechanism is employed by NSAIDs to reduce pain and inflammation?

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) primarily function through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes. These enzymes, commonly referred to as COX-1 and COX-2, play a crucial role in the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins, which are compounds that mediate various physiological processes, including inflammation, pain, and fever.

By blocking COX-1 and COX-2 activity, NSAIDs effectively reduce the production of prostaglandins. This leads to decreased inflammation and pain, which is particularly beneficial in conditions like arthritis, muscle pain, and other inflammatory disorders. The ability of NSAIDs to target these enzymes allows for a therapeutic effect without the use of steroids, making them a popular choice for managing pain and inflammation.

Understanding this mechanism highlights the importance of prostaglandins in the body's response to injury and the rationale behind using NSAIDs to effectively alleviate symptoms associated with excessive inflammation.