Which medication is used as a first-line treatment for hypertension?

Thiazide diuretics are considered a first-line treatment for hypertension due to their effectiveness in lowering blood pressure and their favorable side effect profile. These medications work by promoting the excretion of sodium and water through the kidneys, which decreases the volume of fluid in the blood vessels, leading to reduced blood pressure. Thiazide diuretics have been extensively studied and are recommended in clinical guidelines as an initial treatment option for most patients with hypertension, particularly those with stage 1 hypertension or among older adults.

The use of thiazide diuretics is supported by evidence showing that they significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, including heart attack and stroke, which are critical considerations in the management of hypertension. While other classes of antihypertensive medications, such as beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers, can also be effective in managing high blood pressure, thiazide diuretics are often preferred as the first step in treatment due to their proven efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and the benefits they provide in terms of long-term outcomes.