Which of the following is a common side effect of thiazolidinediones?

Thiazolidinediones, a class of medications used to improve insulin sensitivity in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, frequently lead to weight gain as a common side effect. This effect is primarily due to fluid retention, increased fat storage, and changes in adipocyte differentiation, which can occur with their use. The mechanisms underlying weight gain involve alterations in the pathways regulating metabolism and energy expenditure in the body. Consequently, while thiazolidinediones are effective in lowering blood glucose levels, the associated weight gain can be a concern for patients, especially as obesity is often a factor in type 2 diabetes itself.

Other side effects that may come to mind, such as metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia, and nausea, are not typically associated with thiazolidinediones. Metabolic acidosis is more commonly seen with other classes of diabetes medications, such as sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and hypoglycemia is usually linked with insulin treatment or sulfonylureas, rather than thiazolidinediones. Nausea can occur with various medications but is not a hallmark side effect of thiazolidinediones. Understanding these side effects is crucial for monitoring patients effectively as they manage their