Which type of drug is commonly prescribed for anxiety and panic disorders?

Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed for anxiety and panic disorders due to their effectiveness in providing rapid relief from acute anxiety symptoms. They function as central nervous system (CNS) depressants, enhancing the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABA-A receptor. This action results in calming effects, reducing feelings of anxiety and panic.

The speed with which benzodiazepines can relieve anxiety symptoms makes them particularly useful for situations where immediate intervention is necessary, such as during a panic attack. While they can be effective in the short term, it is important for clinicians to consider the potential for dependence and withdrawal symptoms associated with long-term use of benzodiazepines.

For long-term management of anxiety disorders, other classes of medications such as antidepressants are often used; however, they may take weeks to become effective, making benzodiazepines a preferable choice for immediate treatment.